Wednesday, April 24, 2013

The Impact of Globalization on Management Accounting

With a movement towards globalization approaching, the change brought on by it can change how companies in the U.S. view their accountants. First, there are two types of accountants, financial accountants and managerial accountants. A definition of financial accounting, taken from Merriam-Webster, is the systematic analysis of information about the economic affairs of an organization for the use of persons outside the organization. Merriam-Webster goes on to explain management accounting as "the creation of reports for planning and decision-making"... "It's aim is to provide managers reliable information on the costs of operations and on standards with which those costs can be compared, to assist them in budgeting". The key difference to take away from these two definitions is that financial accounting provides information to people outside of the organization, and management accounting is aimed at helping managers within an organization make decisions.

The U.S. becoming more globalized will increase competition for firms within the country, therefore making management accountants more valuable to firms. The survey suggests that U.S. accountants "emphasize the use of standards to control manufacturing costs after the fact", while contrasting Japanese accountants use practices that look towards the future. This difference here lies within the goals set by the companies. While firms in the U.S. are looking at what they can do now to lower costs, Japanese firms are looking into the future to lower costs for products that might not exist yet. Management accountants look toward the future, they set up budgets, forecast, and steer companies in the right progressive direction. It is more common for businesses in the U.S. to demonstrate action for personal gain than it is in Japan, and in an age of globalization and increased competition companies cannot survive with that type of mindset and framework.

The current state of management accounting in the U.S. rewards managers and puts the company as a whole in jeopardy, and with a rise in competition approaching is it in firms' best interests to employ management accountants that make decisions for the best interest of the company.

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